Android实现多线程下载文件的方法

前端技术 2023/09/06 Android

本文实例讲述了Android实现多线程下载文件的方法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体如下：

多线程下载大概思路就是通过Range 属性实现文件分段，然后用RandomAccessFile 来读写文件，最终合并为一个文件

首先看下效果图：

创建工程 ThreadDemo

首先布局文件 threaddemo.xml

<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?> 
<LinearLayout xmlns:android=\"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android\" 
  android:orientation=\"vertical\" 
  android:layout_width=\"fill_parent\" 
  android:layout_height=\"fill_parent\" 
  > 
<TextView  
  android:layout_width=\"fill_parent\"  
  android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"  
  android:text=\"下载地址\" 
  /> 
<TextView 
  android:id=\"@+id/downloadurl\" 
  android:layout_width=\"fill_parent\"  
  android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"  
  android:lines=\"5\" 
  /> 
<TextView  
  android:layout_width=\"fill_parent\"  
  android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"  
  android:text=\"线程数\" 
  /> 
<EditText 
  android:id=\"@+id/downloadnum\" 
  android:layout_width=\"fill_parent\"  
  android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"  
  /> 
<ProgressBar 
  android:id=\"@+id/downloadProgressBar\" 
  android:layout_width=\"fill_parent\"  
  style=\"?android:attr/progressBarStyleHorizontal\" 
  android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"  
  /> 
<TextView 
  android:id=\"@+id/downloadinfo\" 
  android:layout_width=\"fill_parent\"  
  android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"  
  android:text=\"下载进度 0\" 
  /> 
<Button 
  android:id=\"@+id/downloadbutton\" 
  android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\"  
  android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"  
  android:text=\"开始下载\" 
  /> 
</LinearLayout>

<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android=\"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android\"  android:orientation=\"vertical\" android:layout_width=\"fill_parent\"  android:layout_height=\"fill_parent\"  >
<TextView   android:layout_width=\"fill_parent\"   android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" android:text=\"下载地址\"  />
<TextViewandroid:id=\"@+id/downloadurl\"android:layout_width=\"fill_parent\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" android:lines=\"5\"/>
<TextView   android:layout_width=\"fill_parent\"   android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" android:text=\"线程数\"  />
<EditTextandroid:id=\"@+id/downloadnum\"android:layout_width=\"fill_parent\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" />
<ProgressBarandroid:id=\"@+id/downloadProgressBar\"android:layout_width=\"fill_parent\" style=\"?android:attr/progressBarStyleHorizontal\"  android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" />
<TextViewandroid:id=\"@+id/downloadinfo\"android:layout_width=\"fill_parent\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" android:text=\"下载进度 0\"/>
<Buttonandroid:id=\"@+id/downloadbutton\"android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" android:text=\"开始下载\"/>
</LinearLayout>

主界面 Acitivity

public class ThreadDownloadDemo extends Activity { 
  private TextView downloadurl; 
  private EditText downloadnum; 
  private Button downloadbutton; 
  private ProgressBar downloadProgressBar; 
  private TextView downloadinfo; 
  private int downloadedSize = 0; 
  private int fileSize = 0; 
  private long downloadtime; 
  @Override 
  public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 
    setContentView(R.layout.threaddemo); 
    downloadurl = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.downloadurl); 
    downloadurl.setText(\"http://file16.top100.cn/201105110911/AA5CC27CBE34DEB50A194581D1300881/Special_323149/%E8%8D%B7%E5%A1%98%E6%9C%88%E8%89%B2.mp3\"); 
    downloadnum = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.downloadnum); 
    downloadinfo = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.downloadinfo); 
    downloadbutton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.downloadbutton); 
    downloadProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.downloadProgressBar); 
    downloadProgressBar.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); 
    downloadProgressBar.setMax(100); 
    downloadProgressBar.setProgress(0); 
    downloadbutton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { 
      public void onClick(View v) { 
        download(); 
        downloadtime = SystemClock.currentThreadTimeMillis(); 
      } 
    }); 
  } 
  private void download() { 
    // 获取SD卡目录  
    String dowloadDir = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() 
        + \"/threaddemodownload/\"; 
    File file = new File(dowloadDir); 
    //创建下载目录  
    if (!file.exists()) { 
      file.mkdirs(); 
    } 
    //读取下载线程数，如果为空，则单线程下载  
    int downloadTN = Integer.valueOf(\"\".equals(downloadnum.getText() 
        .toString()) ? \"1\" : downloadnum.getText().toString()); 
    String fileName = \"hetang.mp3\"; 
    //开始下载前把下载按钮设置为不可用  
    downloadbutton.setClickable(false); 
    //进度条设为0  
    downloadProgressBar.setProgress(0); 
    //启动文件下载线程  
    new downloadTask(\"http://file16.top100.cn/201105110911/AA5CC27CBE34DEB50A194581D1300881/Special_323149/%E8%8D%B7%E5%A1%98%E6%9C%88%E8%89%B2.mp3\", Integer 
        .valueOf(downloadTN), dowloadDir + fileName).start(); 
  } 
  Handler handler = new Handler() { 
    @Override 
    public void handleMessage(Message msg) { 
      //当收到更新视图消息时，计算已完成下载百分比，同时更新进度条信息  
      int progress = (Double.valueOf((downloadedSize * 1.0 / fileSize * 100))).intValue(); 
      if (progress == 100) { 
        downloadbutton.setClickable(true); 
        downloadinfo.setText(\"下载完成！\"); 
        Dialog mdialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(ThreadDownloadDemo.this) 
          .setTitle(\"提示信息\") 
          .setMessage(\"下载完成，总用时为:\"+(SystemClock.currentThreadTimeMillis()-downloadtime)+\"毫秒\") 
          .setNegativeButton(\"确定\", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener(){ 
            @Override 
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { 
              dialog.dismiss(); 
            } 
          }) 
          .create(); 
        mdialog.show(); 
      } else { 
        downloadinfo.setText(\"当前进度:\" + progress + \"%\"); 
      } 
      downloadProgressBar.setProgress(progress); 
    } 
  }; 
  public class downloadTask extends Thread { 
    private int blockSize, downloadSizeMore; 
    private int threadNum = 5; 
    String urlStr, threadNo, fileName; 
    public downloadTask(String urlStr, int threadNum, String fileName) { 
      this.urlStr = urlStr; 
      this.threadNum = threadNum; 
      this.fileName = fileName; 
    } 
    @Override 
    public void run() { 
      FileDownloadThread[] fds = new FileDownloadThread[threadNum]; 
      try { 
        URL url = new URL(urlStr); 
        URLConnection conn = url.openConnection(); 
        //防止返回-1  
        InputStream in = conn.getInputStream(); 
        //获取下载文件的总大小  
        fileSize = conn.getContentLength(); 
        Log.i(\"bb\", \"======================fileSize:\"+fileSize); 
        //计算每个线程要下载的数据量  
        blockSize = fileSize / threadNum; 
        // 解决整除后百分比计算误差  
        downloadSizeMore = (fileSize % threadNum); 
        File file = new File(fileName); 
        for (int i = 0; i < threadNum; i++) { 
          Log.i(\"bb\", \"======================i:\"+i); 
          //启动线程，分别下载自己需要下载的部分  
          FileDownloadThread fdt = new FileDownloadThread(url, file, i * blockSize, (i + 1) * blockSize - 1); 
          fdt.setName(\"Thread\" + i); 
          fdt.start(); 
          fds[i] = fdt; 
        } 
        boolean finished = false; 
        while (!finished) { 
          // 先把整除的余数搞定  
          downloadedSize = downloadSizeMore; 
          finished = true; 
          for (int i = 0; i < fds.length; i++) { 
            downloadedSize += fds[i].getDownloadSize(); 
            if (!fds[i].isFinished()) { 
              finished = false; 
            } 
          } 
          handler.sendEmptyMessage(0); 
          //线程暂停一秒  
          sleep(1000); 
        } 
      } catch (Exception e) { 
        e.printStackTrace(); 
      } 
    } 
  } 
} 
public class ThreadDownloadDemo extends Activity {
private TextView downloadurl;
private EditText downloadnum;
private Button downloadbutton;
private ProgressBar downloadProgressBar;
private TextView downloadinfo;
private int downloadedSize = 0;
private int fileSize = 0;
private long downloadtime;
@Overridepublic void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.threaddemo);
downloadurl = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.downloadurl);
downloadurl.setText(\"http://file16.top100.cn/201105110911/AA5CC27CBE34DEB50A194581D1300881/Special_323149/%E8%8D%B7%E5%A1%98%E6%9C%88%E8%89%B2.mp3\");
downloadnum = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.downloadnum);
downloadinfo = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.downloadinfo);
downloadbutton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.downloadbutton);
downloadProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.downloadProgressBar);
downloadProgressBar.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
downloadProgressBar.setMax(100);
downloadProgressBar.setProgress(0);
downloadbutton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {download();
downloadtime = SystemClock.currentThreadTimeMillis();
}
}
);
}
private void download() {// 获取SD卡目录
String dowloadDir = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()+ \"/threaddemodownload/\";
File file = new File(dowloadDir);
//创建下载目录
if (!file.exists()) {file.mkdirs();
}//读取下载线程数，如果为空，则单线程下载
int downloadTN = Integer.valueOf(\"\".equals(downloadnum.getText().toString()) ? \"1\" : downloadnum.getText().toString());
String fileName = \"hetang.mp3\";
//开始下载前把下载按钮设置为不可用
downloadbutton.setClickable(false);
//进度条设为0
downloadProgressBar.setProgress(0);
//启动文件下载线程
new downloadTask(\"http://file16.top100.cn/201105110911/AA5CC27CBE34DEB50A194581D1300881/Special_323149/%E8%8D%B7%E5%A1%98%E6%9C%88%E8%89%B2.mp3\", Integer.valueOf(downloadTN), dowloadDir + fileName).start();
}
Handler handler = new Handler() {@Overridepublic void handleMessage(Message msg) {
//当收到更新视图消息时，计算已完成下载百分比，同时更新进度条信息
int progress = (Double.valueOf((downloadedSize * 1.0 / fileSize * 100))).intValue();
if (progress == 100) {downloadbutton.setClickable(true);
downloadinfo.setText(\"下载完成！\");
Dialog mdialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(ThreadDownloadDemo.this).setTitle(\"提示信息\").setMessage(\"下载完成，总用时为:\"+(SystemClock.currentThreadTimeMillis()-downloadtime)+\"毫秒\").setNegativeButton(\"确定\", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener(){@Overridepublic void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {dialog.dismiss();
}}).create();
mdialog.show();
} else {
downloadinfo.setText(\"当前进度:\" + progress + \"%\");
}
downloadProgressBar.setProgress(progress);
}
}; 
public class downloadTask extends Thread {private int blockSize, downloadSizeMore;
private int threadNum = 5;
String urlStr, threadNo, fileName;
public downloadTask(String urlStr, int threadNum, String fileName) {
this.urlStr = urlStr;
this.threadNum = threadNum;
this.fileName = fileName;
}
@Overridepublic void run() {
FileDownloadThread[] fds = new FileDownloadThread[threadNum];
try {URL url = new URL(urlStr);
URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();
//防止返回-1
InputStream in = conn.getInputStream();
//获取下载文件的总大小
fileSize = conn.getContentLength();
Log.i(\"bb\", \"======================fileSize:\"+fileSize);
//计算每个线程要下载的数据量
blockSize = fileSize / threadNum;
// 解决整除后百分比计算误差
downloadSizeMore = (fileSize % threadNum);
File file = new File(fileName);
for (int i = 0; i < threadNum; i++) {
Log.i(\"bb\", \"======================i:\"+i);
//启动线程，分别下载自己需要下载的部分
FileDownloadThread fdt = new FileDownloadThread(url, file, i * blockSize, (i + 1) * blockSize - 1);
fdt.setName(\"Thread\" + i);
fdt.start();
fds[i] = fdt;
}
boolean finished = false;
while (!finished) {
// 先把整除的余数搞定
downloadedSize = downloadSizeMore;
finished = true;
for (int i = 0; i < fds.length; i++) {
downloadedSize += fds[i].getDownloadSize();
if (!fds[i].isFinished()) {
finished = false;
}
}
handler.sendEmptyMessage(0);
//线程暂停一秒sleep(1000);
}
}
catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}

这里启动线程将文件分割为几个部分，每一个部分再启动一个线程去下载数据
下载文件的线程

public class FileDownloadThread extends Thread{ 
  private static final int BUFFER_SIZE=1024; 
  private URL url; 
  private File file; 
  private int startPosition; 
  private int endPosition; 
  private int curPosition; 
  //标识当前线程是否下载完成  
  private boolean finished=false; 
  private int downloadSize=0; 
  public FileDownloadThread(URL url,File file,int startPosition,int endPosition){ 
    this.url=url; 
    this.file=file; 
    this.startPosition=startPosition; 
    this.curPosition=startPosition; 
    this.endPosition=endPosition; 
  } 
  @Override 
  public void run() { 
    BufferedInputStream bis = null; 
    RandomAccessFile fos = null;                         
    byte[] buf = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE]; 
    URLConnection con = null; 
    try { 
      con = url.openConnection(); 
      con.setAllowUserInteraction(true); 
      //设置当前线程下载的起止点  
      con.setRequestProperty(\"Range\", \"bytes=\" + startPosition + \"-\" + endPosition); 
      Log.i(\"bb\", Thread.currentThread().getName()+\" bytes=\" + startPosition + \"-\" + endPosition); 
      //使用java中的RandomAccessFile 对文件进行随机读写操作  
      fos = new RandomAccessFile(file, \"rw\"); 
      //设置写文件的起始位置  
      fos.seek(startPosition); 
      bis = new BufferedInputStream(con.getInputStream());  
      //开始循环以流的形式读写文件  
      while (curPosition < endPosition) { 
        int len = bis.read(buf, 0, BUFFER_SIZE);         
        if (len == -1) { 
          break; 
        } 
        fos.write(buf, 0, len); 
        curPosition = curPosition + len; 
        if (curPosition > endPosition) { 
          downloadSize+=len - (curPosition - endPosition) + 1; 
        } else { 
          downloadSize+=len; 
        } 
      } 
      //下载完成设为true  
      this.finished = true; 
      bis.close(); 
      fos.close(); 
    } catch (IOException e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } 
  } 
  public boolean isFinished(){ 
    return finished; 
  } 
  public int getDownloadSize() { 
    return downloadSize; 
  } 
} 
public class FileDownloadThread extends Thread{
private static final int BUFFER_SIZE=1024;
private URL url;
private File file;
private int startPosition;
private int endPosition;
private int curPosition;//标识当前线程是否下载完成
private boolean finished=false;
private int downloadSize=0;
public FileDownloadThread(URL url,File file,int startPosition,int endPosition){
this.url=url;
this.file=file;
this.startPosition=startPosition;
this.curPosition=startPosition;
this.endPosition=endPosition;
}
@Overridepublic void run() {
BufferedInputStream bis = null;
RandomAccessFile fos = null;
byte[] buf = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
URLConnection con = null;
try {
con = url.openConnection();
con.setAllowUserInteraction(true);
//设置当前线程下载的起止点
con.setRequestProperty(\"Range\", \"bytes=\" + startPosition + \"-\" + endPosition);
Log.i(\"bb\", Thread.currentThread().getName()+\" bytes=\" + startPosition + \"-\" + endPosition);
//使用java中的RandomAccessFile 对文件进行随机读写操作
fos = new RandomAccessFile(file, \"rw\");
//设置写文件的起始位置
fos.seek(startPosition);
bis = new BufferedInputStream(con.getInputStream());
//开始循环以流的形式读写文件
while (curPosition < endPosition) {
int len = bis.read(buf, 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
if (len == -1) {
break;
}
fos.write(buf, 0, len);
curPosition = curPosition + len;
if (curPosition > endPosition) {
downloadSize+=len - (curPosition - endPosition) + 1;
} else {
downloadSize+=len;
}
}
//下载完成设为true
this.finished = true;
bis.close();
fos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public boolean isFinished(){return finished;}
public int getDownloadSize() {return downloadSize;}
}

这里通过RandomAccessFile 的seek方法定位到相应的位置并实时记录下载量
当然这里需要联网和访问SD卡所以要加上相应的权限

<uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.INTERNET\" /> 
<uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE\"></uses-permission> 
<uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.INTERNET\" /><uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE\"></uses-permission>

这样就OK了下面可以看看断点续传的问题了。有待测试~~

希望本文所述对大家的Android程序设计有所帮助。

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