使用value属性和使用<property>标签的ref属性在你的bean配置文件中的对象引用,这两种情况下可以处理单值到一个bean,如果你想通过多元值,如Java Collection类型List, Set, Map 及 Properties。要处理这种情况,Spring提供了四种类型的如下集合的配置元素:
可以使用<list> 或<set> 来连接任何实现java.util.Collection或数组。
会遇到两种情况(a)将收集的直接的值及(b)传递一个bean的引用作为集合的元素之一。
例子:
我们使用Eclipse IDE,然后按照下面的步骤来创建一个Spring应用程序:
这里是JavaCollection.java文件的内容:
package com.yiibai;
import java.util.*;
public class JavaCollection {
List addressList;
Set addressSet;
Map addressMap;
Properties addressProp;
// a setter method to set List
public void setAddressList(List addressList) {
this.addressList = addressList;
}
// prints and returns all the elements of the list.
public List getAddressList() {
System.out.println(\"List Elements :\" + addressList);
return addressList;
}
// a setter method to set Set
public void setAddressSet(Set addressSet) {
this.addressSet = addressSet;
}
// prints and returns all the elements of the Set.
public Set getAddressSet() {
System.out.println(\"Set Elements :\" + addressSet);
return addressSet;
}
// a setter method to set Map
public void setAddressMap(Map addressMap) {
this.addressMap = addressMap;
}
// prints and returns all the elements of the Map.
public Map getAddressMap() {
System.out.println(\"Map Elements :\" + addressMap);
return addressMap;
}
// a setter method to set Property
public void setAddressProp(Properties addressProp) {
this.addressProp = addressProp;
}
// prints and returns all the elements of the Property.
public Properties getAddressProp() {
System.out.println(\"Property Elements :\" + addressProp);
return addressProp;
}
}
以下是MainApp.java文件的内容:
package com.yiibai;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class MainApp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context =
new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(\"Beans.xml\");
JavaCollection jc=(JavaCollection)context.getBean(\"javaCollection\");
jc.getAddressList();
jc.getAddressSet();
jc.getAddressMap();
jc.getAddressProp();
}
}
以下是配置文件beans.xml文件里面有配置的集合的所有类型:
<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>
<beans xmlns=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans\"
xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"
xsi:schemaLocation=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd\">
<!-- Definition for javaCollection -->
<bean id=\"javaCollection\" class=\"com.yiibai.JavaCollection\">
<!-- results in a setAddressList(java.util.List) call -->
<property name=\"addressList\">
<list>
<value>INDIA</value>
<value>Pakistan</value>
<value>USA</value>
<value>USA</value>
</list>
</property>
<!-- results in a setAddressSet(java.util.Set) call -->
<property name=\"addressSet\">
<set>
<value>INDIA</value>
<value>Pakistan</value>
<value>USA</value>
<value>USA</value>
</set>
</property>
<!-- results in a setAddressMap(java.util.Map) call -->
<property name=\"addressMap\">
<map>
<entry key=\"1\" value=\"INDIA\"/>
<entry key=\"2\" value=\"Pakistan\"/>
<entry key=\"3\" value=\"USA\"/>
<entry key=\"4\" value=\"USA\"/>
</map>
</property>
<!-- results in a setAddressProp(java.util.Properties) call -->
<property name=\"addressProp\">
<props>
<prop key=\"one\">INDIA</prop>
<prop key=\"two\">Pakistan</prop>
<prop key=\"three\">USA</prop>
<prop key=\"four\">USA</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
创建源代码和bean配置文件完成后,让我们运行应用程序。如果应用程序一切顺利,这将打印以下信息:
List Elements :[INDIA, Pakistan, USA, USA]
Set Elements :[INDIA, Pakistan, USA]
Map Elements :{1=INDIA, 2=Pakistan, 3=USA, 4=USA}
Property Elements :{two=Pakistan, one=INDIA, three=USA, four=USA}
注入Bean引用:
下面bean定义将帮助您了解如何注入bean的引用作为集合的元素之一。甚至可以混合引用和值都在一起,如下图所示:
<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>
<beans xmlns=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans\"
xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"
xsi:schemaLocation=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd\">
<!-- Bean Definition to handle references and values -->
<bean id=\"...\" class=\"...\">
<!-- Passing bean reference for java.util.List -->
<property name=\"addressList\">
<list>
<ref bean=\"address1\"/>
<ref bean=\"address2\"/>
<value>Pakistan</value>
</list>
</property>
<!-- Passing bean reference for java.util.Set -->
<property name=\"addressSet\">
<set>
<ref bean=\"address1\"/>
<ref bean=\"address2\"/>
<value>Pakistan</value>
</set>
</property>
<!-- Passing bean reference for java.util.Map -->
<property name=\"addressMap\">
<map>
<entry key=\"one\" value=\"INDIA\"/>
<entry key =\"two\" value-ref=\"address1\"/>
<entry key =\"three\" value-ref=\"address2\"/>
</map>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
使用上面的bean定义,需要定义这样一种方式,他们应该能够处理的参考,以及setter方法。
注入null和空字符串的值
如果需要传递一个空字符串作为值,如下所示:
<bean id=\"...\" class=\"exampleBean\"> <property name=\"email\" value=\"\"/> </bean>
前面的例子等同于Java代码: exampleBean.setEmail(\"\")
如果需要传递一个null值,如下所示:
<bean id=\"...\" class=\"exampleBean\"> <property name=\"email\"><null/></property> </bean>
前面的例子等同于Java代码:exampleBean.setEmail(null)
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