[Serializable, StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct Nullable<T> where T :struct
{
 private Boolean hasValue= false;
 internal T value= default(T);

public Nullable(T value)
 {
this.value= value;
this.hasValue= true;
 }

public Boolean HasValue {get {return hasValue; } }

public T Value
 {
get
  {
  if (!hasValue)
    {
   throw new InvalidOperationException(\"Nullable object must have a value.\");
    }
   return value;
  }
 }

public T GetValueOrDefault() {return value; }
public T GetValueOrDefault(T defaultValue)
 {
if(!HasValue)return defaultValue;
return value;
 }

public override Boolean Equals(object other)
 {
if(!HasValue)return (other== null);
if(other== null)return false;
return value.Equals(other);
 }

public override int GetHashCode()
 {
if(!HasValue)return 0;
return value.GetHashCode();
 }

public override string ToString()
 {
if(!HasValue)return \"\";
return value.ToString();
 }

public static implicit operator Nullable<T>(T value)
 {
return new Nullable<T>(value);
 }
}