一 环境搭建
首先是常规的spring mvc环境搭建,不用多说,需要注意的是,这里需要引入jackson相关jar包,然后在spring配置文件“springmvc-servlet.xml”中添加json解析相关配置,我这里的完整代码如下:
<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?> <beans xmlns=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans\" xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:context=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/context\" xmlns:mvc=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc\" xsi:schemaLocation=\"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd\"> <!-- 避免IE执行AJAX时,返回JSON出现下载文件 --> <bean id=\"mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter\" class=\"org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter\"> <property name=\"supportedMediaTypes\"> <list> <value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value> <value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value> </list> </property> <property name=\"objectMapper\"> <bean class=\"org.codehaus.jackson.map.ObjectMapper\"> <property name=\"dateFormat\"> <bean class=\"java.text.SimpleDateFormat\"> <constructor-arg type=\"java.lang.String\" value=\"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss\"></constructor-arg> </bean> </property> </bean> </property> </bean> <!-- 启动Spring MVC的注解功能,完成请求和注解POJO的映射 --> <bean class=\"org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter\"> <property name=\"messageConverters\"> <list> <ref bean=\"mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter\" /><!-- json转换器 --> </list> </property> </bean> <mvc:annotation-driven content-negotiation-manager=\"contentNegotiationManager\" /> <bean id=\"contentNegotiationManager\" class=\"org.springframework.web.accept.ContentNegotiationManagerFactoryBean\"> <!-- true,开启扩展名支持,false关闭支持 --> <property name=\"favorPathExtension\" value=\"false\" /> <!-- 用于开启 /userinfo/123?format=json的支持 --> <property name=\"favorParameter\" value=\"true\" /> <!-- 设置为true以忽略对Accept Header的支持 --> <property name=\"ignoreAcceptHeader\" value=\"false\" /> <property name=\"mediaTypes\"> <value> atom=application/atom+xml html=text/html json=application/json xml=application/xml *=*/* </value> </property> </bean> <context:annotation-config /> <!-- 启动自动扫描该包下所有的Bean(例如@Controller) --> <context:component-scan base-package=\"cn.zifangsky.controller\" /> <mvc:default-servlet-handler /> <!-- 定义视图解析器 --> <bean id=\"jspViewResolver\" class=\"org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver\"> <property name=\"requestContextAttribute\" value=\"rc\" /> <property name=\"viewClass\" value=\"org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView\" /> <property name=\"prefix\" value=\"/WEB-INF/jsp/\" /> <property name=\"suffix\" value=\".jsp\" /> <property name=\"order\" value=\"1\"></property> </bean> </beans>
项目结构:
注:我这里测试使用的完整jar包:http://pan.baidu.com/s/1dEUwdmL
二 测试实例
(1)在WEB-INF/jsp目录下新建了一个index.jsp文件,包含了简单的jQuery的ajax请求,请求数据的格式是JSON,具体代码如下:
<%@ page language=\"java\" contentType=\"text/html; charset=UTF-8\" pageEncoding=\"UTF-8\"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme() + \"://\" + request.getServerName() + \":\" + request.getServerPort() + path + \"/\"; %> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=UTF-8\"> <base href=\"<%=basePath%>\"> <script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"scripts/jquery/jquery-1.6.2.min.js\"></script> <script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"scripts/jquery/jquery.i18n.properties-min-1.0.9.js\"></script> <script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"scripts/jquery/jquery.autocomplete.js\"></script> <script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"scripts/jquery/jquery.loadmask.js\"></script> <script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"scripts/jquery/jquery.form.js\"></script> <script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"scripts/jquery/jquery.timers.js\"></script> <title>jQuery i18n</title> <script type=\"text/javascript\"> $().ready( function() { $(\"#sub\").click( function() { var name = $(\"#username\").val(); var age = 18; var user = {\"username\":name,\"age\":age}; $.ajax({ url : \'hello.json\', type : \'POST\', data : JSON.stringify(user), // Request body contentType : \'application/json; charset=utf-8\', dataType : \'json\', success : function(response) { //请求成功 alert(\"你好\" + response.username + \"[\" + response.age + \"],当前时间是:\" + response.time + \",欢迎访问:http://www.zifangsky.cn\"); }, error : function(msg) { alert(msg); } }); }); }); </script> </head> <body> <input type=\"text\" id=\"username\" style=\"width: 100px; height: 30px; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold;\"> <input type=\"button\" id=\"sub\" value=\"Go\" style=\"height: 40px; height: 30px;\"> <br> </body> </html>
(2)一个简单的model类User,代码如下:
package cn.zifangsky.controller; public class User { private String username; private int age; public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } }
(3)controller类TestController.java:
package cn.zifangsky.controller; import java.text.Format; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; @Controller @Scope(\"prototype\") public class TestController { /** * 转到页面 */ @RequestMapping(value = \"/hello.html\") public ModelAndView list() { ModelAndView view = new ModelAndView(\"index\"); return view; } /** * ajax异步请求, 请求格式是json */ @RequestMapping(value = \"/hello.json\", method = { RequestMethod.POST }) @ResponseBody public Map<String, String> hello(@RequestBody User user) { // 返回数据的Map集合 Map<String, String> result = new HashMap<String, String>(); Format format = new SimpleDateFormat(\"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss\"); // 返回请求的username result.put(\"username\", user.getUsername()); // 返回年龄 result.put(\"age\", String.valueOf(user.getAge())); // 返回当前时间 result.put(\"time\", format.format(new Date())); return result; } }
关于具体的执行步骤我简单说一下:
i)项目启动后,在浏览器中访问:http://localhost:8089/SpringDemo/hello.html,然后会转到执行controller中的list方法,接着会转到/WEB-INF/jsp/index.jsp(PS:在controller中返回的是逻辑视图,跟在springmvc-servlet.xml文件中定义的路径前缀和后缀进行拼接后合成文件的真正路径)
ii)在index.jsp页面输入文字然后点击按钮,将会触发ajax请求,这个请求会获取输入框中的数据和默认的“age”参数拼接成json格式字符串最后提交到“hello.json”这个请求,也就是执行controller中的hello方法
iii)hello方法执行完毕后会返回一系列数据最后在页面中显示出来
(4)效果如下:
以上所述是小编给大家介绍的SpringMVC环境下实现的Ajax异步请求JSON格式数据的相关内容,希望对大家有所帮助!
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