Android编程使用HTTP协议与TCP协议实现上传文件的方法

前端技术 2023/08/09 Android

本文实例讲述了Android编程使用HTTP协议与TCP协议实现上传文件的方法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

Android上传文件有两种方式，第一种是基于Http协议的HttpURLConnection，第二种是基于TCP协议的Socket。 这两种方式的区别是使用HttpURLConnection上传时内部有缓存机制，如果上传较大文件会导致内存溢出。如果用TCP协议Socket方式上传就会解决这种弊端。

HTTP协议HttpURLConnection

1. 通过URL封装路径打开一个HttpURLConnection
2.设置请求方式以及头字段：Content-Type、Content-Length、Host
3.拼接数据发送

示例：

private static final String BOUNDARY = \"---------------------------7db1c523809b2\";//数据分割线
public boolean uploadHttpURLConnection(String username, String password, String path) throws Exception {
  //找到sdcard上的文件
  File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), path);
  //仿Http协议发送数据方式进行拼接
  StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
  sb.append(\"--\" + BOUNDARY + \"\\r\\n\");
  sb.append(\"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\\\"username\\\"\" + \"\\r\\n\");
  sb.append(\"\\r\\n\");
  sb.append(username + \"\\r\\n\");
  sb.append(\"--\" + BOUNDARY + \"\\r\\n\");
  sb.append(\"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\\\"password\\\"\" + \"\\r\\n\");
  sb.append(\"\\r\\n\");
  sb.append(password + \"\\r\\n\");
  sb.append(\"--\" + BOUNDARY + \"\\r\\n\");
  sb.append(\"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\\\"file\\\"; filename=\\\"\" + path + \"\\\"\" + \"\\r\\n\");
  sb.append(\"Content-Type: image/pjpeg\" + \"\\r\\n\");
  sb.append(\"\\r\\n\");
  byte[] before = sb.toString().getBytes(\"UTF-8\");
  byte[] after = (\"\\r\\n--\" + BOUNDARY + \"--\\r\\n\").getBytes(\"UTF-8\");
  URL url = new URL(\"http://192.168.1.16:8080/14_Web/servlet/LoginServlet\");
  HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
  conn.setRequestMethod(\"POST\");
  conn.setRequestProperty(\"Content-Type\", \"multipart/form-data; boundary=\" + BOUNDARY);
  conn.setRequestProperty(\"Content-Length\", String.valueOf(before.length + file.length() + after.length));
  conn.setRequestProperty(\"HOST\", \"192.168.1.16:8080\");
  conn.setDoOutput(true);
  OutputStream out = conn.getOutputStream();
  InputStream in = new FileInputStream(file);
  out.write(before);
  byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
  int len;
  while ((len = in.read(buf)) != -1)
    out.write(buf, 0, len);
  out.write(after);
  in.close();
  out.close();
  return conn.getResponseCode() == 200;
}

TCP协议Socket

1.我们可以使用Socket发送TCP请求，将上传数据分段发送

示例：

public boolean uploadBySocket(String username, String password, String path) throws Exception {
  // 根据path找到SDCard中的文件
  File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), path);
  // 组装表单字段和文件之前的数据
  StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
  sb.append(\"--\" + BOUNDARY + \"\\r\\n\");
  sb.append(\"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\\\"username\\\"\" + \"\\r\\n\");
  sb.append(\"\\r\\n\");
  sb.append(username + \"\\r\\n\");
  sb.append(\"--\" + BOUNDARY + \"\\r\\n\");
  sb.append(\"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\\\"password\\\"\" + \"\\r\\n\");
  sb.append(\"\\r\\n\");
  sb.append(password + \"\\r\\n\");
  sb.append(\"--\" + BOUNDARY + \"\\r\\n\");
  sb.append(\"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\\\"file\\\"; filename=\\\"\" + path + \"\\\"\" + \"\\r\\n\");
  sb.append(\"Content-Type: image/pjpeg\" + \"\\r\\n\");
  sb.append(\"\\r\\n\");
  // 文件之前的数据
  byte[] before = sb.toString().getBytes(\"UTF-8\");
  // 文件之后的数据
  byte[] after = (\"\\r\\n--\" + BOUNDARY + \"--\\r\\n\").getBytes(\"UTF-8\");
  URL url = new URL(\"http://192.168.1.199:8080/14_Web/servlet/LoginServlet\");
  // 由于HttpURLConnection中会缓存数据, 上传较大文件时会导致内存溢出, 所以我们使用Socket传输
  Socket socket = new Socket(url.getHost(), url.getPort());
  OutputStream out = socket.getOutputStream();
  PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(out, true, \"UTF-8\");
  // 写出请求头
  ps.println(\"POST /14_Web/servlet/LoginServlet HTTP/1.1\");
  ps.println(\"Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=\" + BOUNDARY);
  ps.println(\"Content-Length: \" + String.valueOf(before.length + file.length() + after.length));
  ps.println(\"Host: 192.168.1.199:8080\");
  InputStream in = new FileInputStream(file);
  // 写出数据
  out.write(before);
  byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
  int len;
  while ((len = in.read(buf)) != -1)
    out.write(buf, 0, len);
  out.write(after);
  in.close();
  out.close();
  return true;
}

搭建服务器，完成上传功能

package cn.test.web.servlet;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
  @Override
  public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    doPost(request, response);
  }
  @Override
  public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    boolean isMultipart = ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request);
    if (isMultipart)
      try {
        FileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
        ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
        List<FileItem> items = upload.parseRequest(request);
        File dir = new File(request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath(\"/WEB-INF/upload\"));
        //创建目录
        dir.mkdir();
        for (FileItem item : items)
          if (item.isFormField())
            System.out.println(item.getFieldName() + \": \" + item.getString());
          else{
            item.write(new File(dir,item.getName().substring(item.getName().lastIndexOf(\"\\\\\")+1)));
          }
      } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
    else {
      System.out.println(request.getMethod());
      System.out.println(request.getParameter(\"username\"));
      System.out.println(request.getParameter(\"password\"));
    }
  }
}

希望本文所述对大家Android程序设计有所帮助。

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