JavaScript接口的实现三种方式(推荐)

前端技术 2023/09/04 JavaScript

Javascript模仿接口可以有三种方式:1.注释法 2.检查属性法 3.鸭式辨形法

1.注释法:此方法属于程序文档范畴,对接口的继承实现完全依靠程序员自觉

/*
interface People{
function createHead();
function createBody();
}
*/
var woman = function(name){ //implements People interface
this.name = name;
}
woman.prototype.showName = function(){
alert(this.name);
}
woman.prototype.createBody = function(){ //实现必要的方法
alert(\"身体已经创建好\");
}
woman.prototype.createHead = function(){
alert(\"头部已经创建好\");
} 

//2.属性检查法:把要实现的接口方法添加到类属性列表里,通过定义好的检测反复检查是否已经实现了那些方法
//优缺点:可以强迫程序员实现接口,没实现就报错。不过虽然声明了自己实现了哪些方法,但实现时很可能有遗漏

/*
interface People{
function createHead();
function createBody();
}
*/
var woman = function(name){
this.name = name;
this.implementsInterfaces = [\'People\'];
}
woman.prototype.showName = function(){
alert(this.name);
}
woman.prototype.createBody = function(){ //实现必要的方法
alert(\"身体已经创建好\");
}
woman.prototype.createHead = function(){
alert(\"头部已经创建好\");
}
function implement(obj,interfaces){
for(var i=1;i<interfaces.length;i++){
var interfaceName = interfaces[i];
var interfaceFound = false;
for(var j=0;j<obj.implementsInterfaces.length;j++){
if(obj.implementsInterfaces[j] = interfaceName){
interfaceFound = true;
break;
}
}
if(!interfaceFound){
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
function isImplememts(instance,interfaces){ //判断对象是否已经继承相应接口
if(!implement(instance,interfaces)){
throw new Error(\"Object doesn\'t implement a required interface\");
}
} 

3.鸭式辨型法:(不通过外表判断鸭子,而通过其是否有鸭子的特性来判断。如James Whitcomb Riley所说,像鸭子一样走路并且嘎嘎叫的就是鸭子)

上面俩种都声明了自己实现了那些接口,其实声明不重要,实现接口核心的是类实现了接口方法集。如果类具有了接口定义的所有方法函数名相同的函数,那么认为它实现了接口

//接口类,用来创建接口
var Interface = function(name,motheds){
if(agruments.length!=2){
throw new Error(\"Interface constructor called with \"+arguments.length+\"arguments,but expected exactly 2\");
}
this.name = name;
this.methods = [];
for(var i=0;i<motheds.length;i++){
if(typeof motheds[i] !== \'string\'){
throw new Error(\'Interface constructor expects mothed names to be\'+\'passes in as a string\');
}
this.methods.push(motheds[i]);
}
}
Interface.prototype.ensureImplements = function(objs){
if(agruments.length != 1){
throw new Error(\"Interface constructor called with \"+arguments.length+\"arguments,but expected exactly 1\")
}
for(var i=0;i<objs.length;i++){
var obj = objs[i];
for(var j=0;j<this.motheds.length;j++){
var mothed = this.methods[j];
if(!obj[mothed] || !typeof obj[mothed] !== \'function\'){
throw new Error(\'Function Interface.ensureImplements:implements interface\'+this.name+\',obj.mothed\'+mothed+\'was not found\');
}
}
}
}
//创建接口
var People = new Interface(\'People\',[\'createHead\',\'createBody\']);
//子类
var Woman = function(name){
this.name = name;
this.implementsInterfaces = [\'People\'];
}
Woman.prototype.showName = function(){
alert(this.name);
}
Woman.prototype.createBody = function(){ //实现必要的方法
alert(\"女人身体已经创建好\");
}
Woman.prototype.createHead = function(){
alert(\"女人头部已经创建好\");
}
//子类
var Man = function(name){
this.name = name;
this.implementsInterfaces = [\'People\'];
}
Man.prototype.showName = function(){
alert(this.name);
}
Man.prototype.createBody = function(){ //实现必要的方法
alert(\"男人身体已经创建好\");
}
Man.prototype.createHead = function(){
alert(\"男人头部已经创建好\");
}
//判断是否实现
Poeple.ensureImplements([\'Woman\',\'Man\']);

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